The emigres over the 1930s included Einstein, Theodore von Karman, John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner, Leo Szilard, Hans Bethe, Edward Teller, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi, and many others. German scientists who were Jews realized that the Nazis posed a deadly threat, and they began to emigrate, mostly to the United States. Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, and the Nazis began to abolish the civil rights of German Jews and to start their campaign of persecution. The early 1930s saw the rise of anti-Semitism in Germany and Russia. By the 1930s the nuclear scientists were exploring the revolutionary concept of splitting an atom of uranium with a neutron.
In 1908 Rutherford showed that the alpha particle was in fact an atom of helium in 1911 he announced that he had found the nucleus of an atom to be a minute but concentrated mass surrounded by electrons in orbits. Later, the "nuclear group" was joined by Leo Szilard of Hungary, Otto Hahn of Germany, Michael Polenyi of Hungary, Walter Bothe of Germany, Lise Meitner of Austria, Hantaro Nagaoka of Japan, and others of similarly diverse backgrounds.īy the early 1900s these scientists were studying the structure of the atom and the deflection and scattering of alpha particles. Initially, these persons included well-known scientists such as Ernest Rutherford of New Zealand and Great Britain, Neils Bohr of Denmark, Pierre and Marie Curie of France, and Albert Einstein of Germany. Customer and their legal advisors should consider this and obtain such rights, if necessary, before purchasing, downloading or using any Assets.The story of the atomic bomb started around the turn of the century when a small number of physicists began to think about, discuss, and publish papers about the phenomenon of radioactivity, the behavior of alpha particles, and the properties of various materials when irradiated. The burden is on the Customer to confirm that it has any rights outside of the editorial restrictions Customer understands and agrees that certain Assets may contain third party copyrighted or trademarked material and will require additional licensing, permissions, releases, or rights clearance for any non- editorial use. These restrictions do not apply if Customer otherwise has all the intellectual property rights necessary for its intended use (such as a company purchasing its own products, authorized advertising agencies, or licensees). Editorial uses include, without limitation, use of the Asset in a news program, news-related website, or news-related video media. Customer may only use the Asset for legitimate, editorial purposes on some issue of journalistic, editorial, cultural or otherwise newsworthy value.
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